what causes horses jugular vein to ripple

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Jugular thrombophlebitis in horses: A review of fibrinolysis …

Jugular thrombophlebitis in horses: A review of fibrinolysis …

by DPM Dias · 2013 · Cited by 25 — Thrombophlebitis of the jugular vein in horses is a commonly observed, undesirable iatrogenic complication, particularly during intensive care. Several drugs …

Jugular Vein or Pulse Seems Over-Full in the Neck

Jugular Vein or Pulse Seems Over-Full in the Neck

In a normal horse, the jugular vein is a collapsed “balloon” – it is not filled with blood visibly and should not visibly pulsate. In a normal horse, you might …

Jugular Vein Thrombosis – Horse Side Vet Guide

Jugular Vein Thrombosis – Horse Side Vet Guide

The most common cause of clotting of the jugular vein is irritation and clot formation from an intravenous catheter. Horses that are very systemically ill …

Blood Clots and Aneurysms in Horses – Horse Owners

Blood Clots and Aneurysms in Horses – Horse Owners

Blockage of both jugular veins by clots can cause fluid accumulation and swelling of the head and neck due to the difficulty of blood returning to the heart. A …

Introduction to Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders of Horses

Introduction to Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders of Horses

A jugular pulse in the lower neck can be noted in healthy animals, but excessive pulsing or distension of the jugular vein can be seen in horses with heart …

Administering Equine Medications – Horse Health Matters

Administering Equine Medications – Horse Health Matters

Missing the jugular vein and injecting the medication into the carotid artery which runs directly behind the jugular vein, can result in …

Evaluation of Experimental Jugular Thrombophlebitis in …

Evaluation of Experimental Jugular Thrombophlebitis in …

Thrombophlebitis is a venous thrombosis secondary to vessel wall inflammation; it most commonly affects jugular veins in horses because these vessels are …

Rippling muscle disease: MedlinePlus Genetics

Rippling muscle disease: MedlinePlus Genetics

A bump or other sudden impact on the muscle causes it to bunch up (percussion-induced muscle mounding) or exhibit repetitive tensing (percussion …

HTML – Open Veterinary Journal

HTML – Open Veterinary Journal

Background: Thrombophlebitis and thrombosis are the most common causes of jugular vein occlusion in horses. Medical and surgical treatments aim to …

Why are my horses veins popping out?

Summary. Engorged, defined vessels of the face, can result from recent exercise and be a normal finding. This is especially noticeable in horses with short coats and when sweaty after exertion. It can also result from conditions that cause "damming" of the main veins that drains the face and head.

What is the number one reason for thrombophlebitis in horses?

Jugular thrombophlebitis is one of the most common vascular diseases in horses. It is usually iatrogenic, associated with inadequate veni- puncture technique, intravenous injections of irritant drugs [2,3], or improper placement and/or management of indwelling cathe- ters [4,5].

What causes thrombosis in horses?

Jugular vein thrombosis or thrombophlebitis is common in horses. It usually occurs after intravenous (or peri-venous) injection of irritating or contaminated substances or as a complication of long-term jugular catheterization.

What causes jugular vein thrombosis?

Internal jugular vein thrombosis is most commonly due to prolonged central venous catheterization, trauma to the neck, infection, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and intravenous drug abuse.

What is the most serious possible complication of giving a horse a jugular IV injection?

Intravenous catheterization is commonly per- formed and well tolerated in horses, but catheter asso- ciated complications have been reported. The most commonly reported complication is thrombophlebitis, but others such as venous air embolism, exsanguination and catheter fragmentation may also occur.

What happens when a horse has an aneurysm?

Affected horses appear normal at rest; however, exercise results in weakness of the hind limbs with lameness on one or both sides, muscle tremors, and sweating. Severely affected horses may show signs of exercise intolerance, weakness, and an unusual lameness that resolves after a short rest.

How is jugular vein thrombosis treated?

Initial treatment (5–21 days following diagnosis) consists of parenteral therapy with low molecular weight heparin (or unfractionated heparin) with a transition using vitamin K antagonists. The alternative therapy for non-cancer patients is high-dose direct oral anticoagulants.

What are the symptoms of jugular vein thrombosis?

More common symptoms of IJVthr are neck pain and headache, whereas, swelling, erythema and the palpable cord sign beneath the sternocleidomastoid muscle, frequently associated with fever, are the most reported clinical signs.

How serious is jugular vein thrombosis?

Neck pain and swelling are the most frequent symptoms, found in 24/48 patients (50%). IJV thrombosis is a serious event, with a potentially fatal outcome, but complications in IJV thrombosis have seldom been reported [55]. Pulmonary embolism was reported in 3 cases (6%).

What happens if you incorrectly inject a horse?

Improperly handled drugs and poor injection techniques can result in life-threatening drug reactions, anaphylactic shock, infection, injection-site abscesses and ineffective drug administration.

Can a horse live with one jugular vein?

Horses can live a normal life with only one jugular vein. Most even survive loss of both jugulars. The jugular vein is the main avenue for return of blood to the heart from the head.

What is the number one cause of death in horses?

For equids 1 year to less than 20 years of age, commonly reported causes of death were colic, injury/wounds/trauma, and respiratory problems (figure 2). For resident equids 20 years of age or older, common causes of death were colic, neurologic problems, cancer, and chronic weight loss.

How do horses get aneurysms?

The larvae of the worm Strongylus vulgaris migrate through the horse's arteries and can cause inflammation of the walls of an artery. This can develop into blood clots and aneurysms in horses infested by these parasites. Blockage or death of intestinal tissue can occur.

When does jugular vein distention occur?

Jugular vein distention happens when there's any kind of backup of blood in the superior vena cava or in your heart itself. Much like heavy traffic on a freeway can lead to backups and traffic jams, slowed blood flow in the heart or superior vena cava can cause blood to back up into the jugular veins.

Where is the best place to give a horse an injection?

The Neck. The land marks for injecting in the neck muscle are: The scapula (shoulder blade) – at the base of the neck (behind the red line) The cervical spine (neck vertebrae) – at the bottom of the neck (below the green line)

At what age is a horse considered old?

By age definition “senior” horse has been defined as 15+ years of age. Due to improvements in veterinary care and nutrition, horse routinely live 25-30 years of age, some into their 40's. It is not uncommon to see horses in late teens and twenties performing at high levels.

What do horses do when they are dying?

One of the signs a horse is dying can be that it wants to stand up but cannot do so. The horse may lie down for a while, struggle to rise and become upset. If you see these signs in an older animal, they may be the horse's way of telling you that the end of its life is near.

What are the signs of an aneurysm in a horse?

Affected horses appear normal at rest; however, exercise results in weakness of the hind limbs with lameness on one or both sides, muscle tremors, and sweating. Severely affected horses may show signs of exercise intolerance, weakness, and an unusual lameness that resolves after a short rest.

What is the most common cause of jugular venous distention?

The most common risk factor for JVD is heart failure. Your risk of heart failure is increased if you have chronic high blood pressure or coronary artery disease (CAD).

How do you fix a jugular vein distention?

Treatment

1. changes in lifestyle and diet.
2. beta-blockers to decrease the activity of the heart and lower blood pressure.
3. ACE inhibitors, which help to relax the blood vessels.
4. diuretics, which help to lower blood pressure by flushing salt and fluid out of the body and relaxing blood vessels.

Dec 16, 2017